The Central Government, acting on the recommendation of the Director General of Trade Remedies (“Designated Authority”) in its Final Findings dated 5th May, 2023,1 had imposed Anti-dumping duty on the imports of Single Mode Optical Fibre from China PR, Korea RP and Indonesia, vide Notification No. 7/2023- Cus (ADD) dated 3rd August, 2023.2 The duties come as a big relief to the Indian manufacturers of Single Mode Optical Fibre (SMOF), which is primarily used for making Optical Fibre Cables for telecom networks.
In the Final findings issued by the Designated Authority, one of the main issues considered was whether Basis Customs Duty (BCD) and other imports charges were to be added in the landed value of imports made under Advance Authorization, which do not suffer such duties, for computing the injury margin of the Domestic Industry. It may be noted that while WTO- Anti-dumping Agreement3 as also Section 9A of the Tariff Act4 permits imposition of Anti-dumping duty to the full extent of the dumping, under Section 9B of the Tariff Act read with Rule 17 of the AD Rules,5 India has adopted the “Lesser Duty Rule” and consequently, Anti-dumping duty equivalent to the lesser of the dumping and injury margin is imposed.
Dumping Margin (DM) is computed as the difference between Normal Value (NV) of the exporter and its Net Export Price (NEP). That is, DM = NV- NEP.
Whereas, Injury Margin is computed as the difference between Non-injurious Price6 (NIP) of the Domestic Industry and the Landed value (LV) of Imports. That is, IM = NIP – LV. Landed Value is usually determined as below:
LV7= CIF/Assessable value + BCD + Social Welfare Surcharge (SWS)
In the investigation concerning imports of SMOF, one of the contentions raised by the Domestic industry was that while determining the Landed Value of the imports made under Advance Authorization scheme, no notional BCD or SWS is required to be added to such imports, as they were made under duty exemption notification and had, in fact, not suffered such duties. In this regard, the Domestic industry had relied on the evidence particularly copies of the relevant Bills of Entry submitted by some of the importers, which showed that the concerned imports were made under Advance Authorization, claiming benefit of Customs duty exemption. On this basis, it was argued that to the extent evidence has been made available by the concerned importers, no notional BCD and SWS was required to be added to such imports.
Agreeing with the submission of the Domestic Industry, the Designated Authority held that the addition of notional Customs duty and SWS on the imports which had in fact not suffered such duties, would result in artificially increasing the landed value. Consequently, qua the imports made under Advance Authorization scheme, for which documentary evidence of levy of nil customs duty was submitted by the concerned importers, landed value was determined as per the value shown on the relevant Bills of Entry.
Arguendo, had the Designated Authority not taken such a pragmatic view, and had he mechanically added a notional/hypothetical Customs duty element on the imports made under Advance Authorization scheme, it would have led to a computation of a much lower injury margin- significantly lower than the actual injury faced by the Domestic industry. Consequently, the duty recommended based on such artificially low injury margin would not have been adequate to remove the injury of the Domestic industry, as is warranted under Rule 17 of the AD Rules.
Interestingly, while the Designated Authority has consistently, in several past findings, held that the imports made under Advance Authorization are required to be included in the injury analysis, seemingly, it was for the first time that the Authority had examined whether a notional duty element is required to be added in the Landed value determination for such imports. The above finding returned by the Authority comes on the back of the unique facts of this case, i.e. where the importers themselves had adduced evidence of non-levy of customs duty on certain imports which were made by them under Advance Authorization. The finding of the Authority on this issue has ensured that a duty adequate to remove the injury of the domestic industry is imposed.
TLC Legal had represented the Indian domestic industry in the Anti-dumping investigation concerning imports of Single Mode Optical Fibre from China PR, Korea RP and Indonesia.
1 Available at: https://www.dgtr.gov.in/sites/default/files/FF%20NCV%20SMOF%20CHINA%20KOREA%20INDONESIA.pdf
2 Available at : https://old.cbic.gov.in/resources//htdocs-cbec/customs/cs-act/notifications/notfns-2023/cs-add2023/csadd07-2023.pdf
3 The Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994
4 Customs Tariff Act, 1975
5 Customs Tariff (Identification, Assessment and Collection of Anti-Dumping Duty on Dumped Articles and for Determination of Injury), 1995
6 NIP = Cost of Sales + Notional Profit determined for the Domestic Industry. It is a notional price determined, as per Annexure III to the AD Rules, at which the domestic industry would not be facing injury.
7 Creditable duties such as IGST are not added as they are not a cost in the hand of the importer
Company service – for 18 years. Then at TLC. He had a sanad, 1998 – he got sanad.
Appearing before CESAT, excise, customs and service tax now gst.
His own practice for about 10 years TLC+his own – member of various industry organisations to give briefing of the budget and gst – Bombay entrepreneurs association, bhandup, rotary clubs, Bombay bunts associations, bunts chamber of commerce and industries.
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New comers in the prof – preparation for a case – put it down in a coloured sheet, the main pointers, then when some one new takes over, they have all key facts easily accessible. Current youngsters don’t do this so then there is duplication of work and waste of time.
M. Sc. (Fiscal Studies – UK), F.C.A., I.R.S. (Retd.)
Core Practice Areas: Goods and Service Taxes – advisory and litigation
Years of Experience: 30+
Mumbai
sushil@tlclegal.in
Sushil Solanki has more than thirty years of experience of working in various capacities in the Government of India, including as Commissioner of Service Tax, Mumbai, Commissioner of Customs, Nhava Sheva Port and Additional Director General, DGCEI, Ahmedabad.
He was actively involved in the conceptualization and formulation of basic and legislative framework of GST during the period 2006 to 2015. He was also involved in the drafting of Service Tax law introduced in 1994.
He was conferred with the prestigious Presidential Award in the year 2001 for meritorious services.
He is a regular faculty at the National Academy of Customs, Indirect Taxes and Narcotics for training of Departmental Officers.
He also presents papers on various indirect tax issues at seminars organized by ICAI, BCAS, IMC, etc.
In TLC, he leads the GST advisory and advocacy teams and is actively involved in resolving ongoing issues in GST compliance, besides handling other Indirect Tax litigation work.
In his spare time, he continues a lifelong quest into spirituality and wisdom of the ages.
Bachelors’ of Commerce, L.L.B
Core Practice Areas: Litigation
Years of Experience: 29
Mumbai
aqeel@tlclegal.in
Aqueel began his career at a well-known law firm, Crawford Bayley & Co. moving to counsel practice with the Chambers of Senior Advocate Mr. Arshad Hidayatullah for over a decade. He understood the finer nuances of the law, arguments, court practice and developed a detail oriented approach to research. He then made Partner, at Economic Laws Practice, where he spent a decade being a key member of the tax team.
Currently at TLC Legal, he does a mixed bag of advisory and litigation matters for indirect taxes. He has various cases accredited to his name, which are reported judgements. He regularly appears before the CESTAT and various High Courts.
Mr. Sheerzi believes that his generation was fortunate to have great mentors who invested their time in training juniors. He too, would like to take the same legacy forward. He encourages his team members to read the law and look at books versus relying purely on the internet and research from there. He also believes that it is crucial to have an open-door policy with his team members, thereby always maintaining an approachable and warm persona and disposition.
In his free time, he enjoys reading fiction and playing a sport, to keep himself fit and agile.
M. Sc., M. Phil., L.L.B., I.R.S. (Retd.)
Core Practice Areas: Customs – Litigation & Advisory, Excise and Service tax laws
Years of Experience: 50
Mumbai
krishan@tlclegal.in
Mr. Krishan Kumar served in the Central Excise & Customs Departments, with the Government, for more than 20 years in various capacities holding crucial posts such as Departmental Representative in CESTAT, DRI, Customs, Central Excise, Preventive and Anti-smuggling, among others. He is an accomplished professional, well acclaimed, as an expert on Customs laws and practices and was awarded with the “President’s Certificate for distinguished record of service in 1994”. He has served in the private sector, as a legal advisor for a decade. His experience is a healthy mix of understanding perspectives, from the government and private practice. He is able to lend a balanced view to his clients, as a result of the vast prior experience he has built.
Mr. Kumar, makes the time to practice heartfulness meditation and believes that having a spiritual bend of mind, enables him to do better both in his personal and professional spheres. He is a facilitator and enabler for this school of meditation, often leading sessions for various age groups and helping them reap the benefits of this age-old form of ___.
As a veteran in the profession, he believes that the reward of work is work.
M. Sc., L.L. B., M.P.P. (Tokyo), I.T.S. (Retd.)
Core Practice Areas: Advisory and advocacy of Foreign Trade Policy, Safeguard and Anti-dumping Duty Measures, Indirect Tax Litigation
Years of Experience: 33
Mumbai
ashutosh@tlclegal.in
Mr. Mishra is an expert of Foreign Trade Policy, Trade Remedial Measures. He focuses on imposition of safe guard and anti-dumping litigation for FTP, EOU and SEZ.
He is a Joint Director for Foreign Trade and member of the ITS.
Ashutosh Mishra has more than 20 years of experience of working in the Government of India in various capacities, including as Jt. Director-General of Foreign Trade (DGFT).
He was involved in the formulation and implementation of the Foreign Trade Policy, particularly in relation to the EPCG Scheme, Advance Authorization Scheme, Deemed Exports, Drawback, SFIS, FMS, FPS, VKGUY, etc. along with fixation of Input-Output Norms/SIONs. He has vast experience in the formulation of policies relating to Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), SCOMET items, dual-purpose chemicals, Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS), etc.
In his free time, Mr Mishra enjoys reading literature around the freedom struggle and poems by well-known Hindi and Maithali authors. He also believes, music is a balm for the soul and feels rejuvenated with devotional and old melodious songs.
As a mentor to his juniors, he believes his role is that of a Captain of a ship. He has no work and yet shoulders a lot of responsibility. He believes that he is as much a learner, as any of his juniors, because they learn the legal interpretation from me, while I learn new concepts around technology and work culture from them!
B. Com., L.L.B., F.C.A.
Years of Experience: 30+
Mumbai
vipin@tlclegal.in
Vipin Jain is a leading consultant and lawyer, with over three decades of experience in the area of Indirect Taxes, including Customs, GST , Central Excise and Service Tax. His in-depth and comprehensive pleadings before the CESTAT, High Courts and the Supreme Court have resulted in several path breaking and landmark decisions, which are often cited as precedents.
Leading corporate houses repose their trust in him not only for litigation issues, but to also advise them on tax planning , including re-structuring of pan-Indian and cross border businesses or transactions.
He is widely respected for his comprehensive and thorough knowledge of indirect tax laws.
He frequently presents papers on important indirect tax issues in seminars and workshops organized by reputed professional and trade bodies.
He has been the Joint Secretary of the CESTAT Bar Association, Mumbai, for more than fifteen years.His typical working day is unpredictable and long. But his destress mechanism is an intense game of Badminton, or, a dose of his favourite authors like A.P Herbert and P.G. Wodehouse.
R.K. Singh spent more than 30 years in the Government in various capacities including as Member, CESTAT, ADG, DRI, Delhi and Ahmedabad, Commissioner, Delhi and Chief Commissioner, Ahmedabad.
As a diplomat based in New York, he closely interacted with law enforcement agencies and trade bodies in USA, Canada and other North and South American countries on anti- smuggling, anti-money laundering and drug interdiction issues.
As Member, CESTAT, he authored several path breaking judgements including in Anti-dumping matters.
He is a recipient of the Presidential Award and Finance Minister’s Gold Medal as also international commendations from WCO, FBI and Customs administrations of USA, U.K. and Canada.
He is well known for his erudite articles on indirect taxation issues and is a sought-after panelist in seminars; he is also a regular faculty at the Training Academy.
He heads the Delhi office of TLC and is actively associated with advisory and litigation work relating to GST, Customs, Excise, Service Tax, Anti-dumping, Safeguard duties etc.
He loves yoga, swimming, reading and Urdu poetry.
S.K.Bhardwaj has more than thirty five years of experience of working in various Ministries of the Government of India, including Finance and Defence. He has held important posts like Chief Commissioner of Customs, Central Excise and Service Tax, Mumbai and Joint Secretary Ministry of Defence.
He retired as the Member – Central Board of Indirect Taxes, the apex body administering GST, Central Excise, Customs and Service Tax laws.
He underwent training at the Harvard University, USA, on Fiscal Policy and Value Added Taxes.
He has vast experience of tax policy planning, budget making and administration in the Revenue Department.
He has keen interest in matters related to tax reforms, ease of doing business and conflict avoidance.
In TLC, he handles advisory and advocacy work relating to Indirect Taxes.
He experience and expertise in good governance and compliance management are sought by leading corporate houses of the country.
His is proficient on the golf course too, having raked up a couple of holes-in-one. He is equally passionate about physical fitness.
Vishal Agrawal has more than twenty years of professional experience and specializes in handling complex litigations in Indirect Taxation viz. GST, Central Excise, Customs, Service Tax and Foreign Trade Policy.
He regularly appears before the CESTAT, High Courts and the Supreme Court. More than two hundred cases argued by him are reported.
He has the knack of structuring transactions to achieve tax efficiency and reduce compliance costs.
He has immense experience of advising clients on search and investigation proceedings by agencies such as DRI and DGGI.
He has been handholding a large number of companies on smooth implementation of GST, besides regularly advising them on other indirect tax matters.
He regularly presents papers in seminars and workshops organized by leading professional and trade bodies like ICAI, BCAS, IMC, etc.
He is revered and respected at TLC for his in-depth knowledge and astute mentorship.
His rigorous work schedule sometimes extends up to fourteen hours in a day. Any spare time is dedicated for the family, and, his favourite activity of trekking