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Publication

Section 168A of CGST Act, 2017 – INVOKABLE OR NOT?

By Aqeel Sheerazi, Partner and Rishabh Jain, Legal Associate 
  1. A large number of Show Cause Notices (SCN) have been issued under Section 73 of the Central/State Goods And Services Tax Act, 2017 (“CGST”/”SGST”) for the Financial Year 2017-18 in the month of September 2023.
  1. In this regard, the Department is apparently relying upon Notification No. 9/2023 Central Tax dated 31.03.2023, issued by the Central Government, in terms of Section 168A of the CGST Act, under which the time limit specified under Section 73(10) for issuance of Order under Section 73(9) of the CGST Act, 2017 in respect of FY 2017-18 was extended upto 31.12.2023. Basis the said extension, in terms of Section 73(2) of the Act, the time limit for issuance of SCNs for the financial year 2017-18 was extended upto 30.09.2023 according to the Department.
  1. This Article discusses the validity and the legality of the SCNs issued by the Department, basis such extension of time limit by the aforesaid Notification.
  1. Before adverting to the above discussion, it would be imperative to briefly examine the legal position/provisions, which read as under:
    • Section 73 of the CGST Act, 2017 empowers the Proper Officer to determine the tax liability of a person who has failed to pay the tax or has short-paid the tax or wrongly availed ITC etc. Section 73(10) of the CGST Act, 2017 provides for time limit of three years from the due date, for furnishing of Annual Return for the financial year, for issuance of Order under Section 73(9) of the CGST Act, for recovery of tax not paid or short paid or of input tax credit wrongly availed.
    • Section 44 of the CGST Act provides for the time limit to furnish an Annual Return for every financial year, before the thirty-first day of December following the end of such financial year.
    • Thus, on a co-joint perusal of the above provisions, it can be seen that the time limit to file an Annual Return for the financial year 2017-18 was 31.12.2018. Accordingly, the due date to pass an Order under Section 73(10) of the CGST/SGST Act, 2017 for the financial year 2017-18 was 31.12.2021 and the due date to issue the Notice under Section 73(2) of the CGST Act, 2017 for the said period was 30.09.2021.
    • Vide Order No. 08/2019-Central Tax dated 14.11.2019 and Order No. 10/2019-Central Tax dated 26.12.2019, the due date to file Annual Return for financial year 2017-18 was extended to 05.02.2020 / 07.02.2020. Thus, the last date to pass Order under Section 73(10) of the CGST Act, 2017 was extended till 05.02.2023 / 07.02.2023. Accordingly, the last date to issue Notice under Section 73(2) of the CGST Act, 2017 was 07.11.2022.
    • However, vide Notification No. 9/2023-CT dated 31.03.2023 issued by Central Government, in terms of Section 168A of the CGST Act, 2017, the time limit specified under sub-section (10) of Section 73 for issuance of Order has been extended till 31.12.2023.
  1. It needs to be seen whether the said Notification No.9/2023-CT extending the time limit for issuance of Order under Section 73(10) is in violation of Section 168A of the Act?
    • The above Notifications have been issued by the Central Government in exercise of powers under Section 168A of the CGST/SGST Act. Section 168A empowers the Government to issue Notification to extend time limit specified/prescribed/notified under the CGST Act which cannot be complied due to force majeure.
    • Section 168A begins with a non-obstante clause. Thus, the time-limit prescribed under the Act can only be extended in special circumstances laid down under the said section. From a perusal of Section 168A of the CGST Act, 2017, it is evident that the same can be invoked only when the required action cannot be completed due to force majeure.
    • The expression “force majeure” is defined in the Explanation to the said provision to mean a case of war, epidemic, flood, drought, fire, cyclone, earthquake or any other calamity caused by nature or otherwise, affecting the implementation of any of the provisions of this Act.
    • Neither Notification No. 9/2023-CT dated 31.03.2023 nor the Recommendation from the GST Council set out any reason as to why it was not possible for the State/Union officers to complete assessment under Section 73 of the Act, for the period 2017-18, till 05.02.2023 / 07.02.2023.
    • From a perusal of the Agenda for the 47th and 49th GST Council Meeting, the reason given for exercise of the power under Section 168A was the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the Agenda of GST Council Meeting/ Notification No. 9/2023-CT dated 31.03.2023 does not offer any explanation as to how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the implementation of the provisions of the CGST/MGST Act. In the Agenda for 49th Council Meeting, representation from tax administrations were discussed on 18.02.2023, wherein said administrations requested to further extend the timelines under Section 73 of the CGST Act for FY 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 to 31.12.2024. It was submitted that difficulties were faced by Government Departments during the COVID pandemic due to reduced number of staff; with staggered timings and exemption to certain categories of employees from attending offices during the said period. This led to delay in process of scrutiny and audit, which could be started properly only after COVID restrictions were uplifted. Due to this reason, the GST Council Meeting suggest that the extension vide Notification No. 13/2022-CT dated 05.07.2022 and Notification 9/2023-CT dated 31.03.2023 was recommended only to streamline compliance in GST.
  1. Difficulty vis-à-vis impossibility
    • From above, it can be seen that the extension was apparently recommended due to difficulties faced by the Department in the COVID-19 period. It is well settled law that force majeure cannot be invoked on mere difficulty to perform the obligation. It was for the Department to show that it was impossible for them to carry out the aforesaid functions, and it is only then that Force Majeure could be invoked.
    • In an English judgment, Tsakiroglou & Co. Ltd. v. Noblee Thorl GmbH, 1961 (2) All ER 179, despite the closure of the Suez Canal, and despite the fact that the customary route for shipping the goods was only through the Suez Canal, it was held that the contract of sale of groundnuts in that case was not frustrated, even though it would have to be performed by an alternative mode of performance which was much more expensive, namely, that the ship would have to go around the Cape of Good Hope, which is three times the distance from Hamburg to Port Sudan. The freight for such journey was also double. Despite the above circumstances, the House of Lords held that even though the contract had become more onerous to perform, it was not fundamentally altered. Where performance is otherwise possible, it is clear that a mere rise in freight price would not allow one of the parties to say that the contract was discharged by impossibility of performance.
    • The lockdown because of the Covid-19 pandemic was declared only in March, 2020. Further, despite the said lockdown being declared for citizens, the Office of the State/ Union (being an essential service) continued to remain functional. The office of the State/Union was closed only for the period 24.03.2020 to 07.06.2020 and in the months of April and May, 2021 (during the second wave of the COVID pandemic). Thus, there is no explanation as to why it was impossible for the Department to complete the assessment under Section 73 of the Act, post June, 2020.
    • Further, Notification No.9/2023-CT amends Notification No.35/2020-CT dated 03.04.2020 and Notification No.14/2021-CT dated 01.05.2021. Notification No.35/2020-CT dated 03.04.2020 and Notification No.14/2021-CT dated 01.05.2021 were issued by the Central Government in exercise of powers under Section 168A of the CGST Act, extending the time limit for completion or compliance of any action. The reason for exercise of the power under Section 168A as set out in the Notification was the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic across many countries, including India. Vide above Notification dated 03.04.2020 and 01.05.2021, time for completion or compliance of any action was extended to 30.06.2021. Hence, only for compliance of Section 73 of the Act, the time limit was extended till 31.12.2023. For any other compliance or completion of any action, time period was extended only upto 30.06.2021.
    • From above, it can be observed that no further extension could have been made post 30.06.2021 under Section 168A of the Act, citing Covid 19 pandemic as a reason for delay in compliance or completion of any action under GST.
    • In-spite of same, extension was made vide Notification No.13/2022-CT dated 05.07.2022, wherein, the time limit specified under sub-section (10) of Section 73 for issuance of Order under sub-section (9) of Section 73 of the said Act for the period 2017-18, was extended up to 30.09.2023. The above extension was issued on 05.07.2022, allowing the Departmental officers to issue SCNs on or before 30.06.2023. Assuming that the above extension was valid and in terms of Section 168A of the Act, there was no requirement for any further extension vide Notification No. 9/2023-CT dated 31.03.2023. It would therefore appear that the Department is using the COVID 19 pandemic as an excuse and reason to undo their failure of not completing assessments and raising demands under Section 73 of the Act, within time.
  1. As jurisdiction goes to the root to the matter, we may see a plethora of Writ Petitions being filed before various High Courts, challenging the validity of Show Cause Notices issued by the Department, basis such extension of time limit by Notification No. 09/2023-CT dated 31.03.2023. Recently, Hon’ble Gujarat High Court in case of M/s SRSS Agro Pvt. Ltd. vs Union of India Special Civil Application No. 19720 of 2023 was pleased to issue notice, wherein, the validity of said Notification has been challenged. It will be interesting to see the outcome of the said Petition.
  1. The above discussion is also applicable for extension made vide Notification No. 09/2023-CT dated 31.03.2023 for the period 2018-19 and 2019-20.


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Prabhakar

Prabhakar Shetty

Company service – for 18 years. Then at TLC. He had a sanad, 1998 – he got sanad.
Appearing before CESAT, excise, customs and service tax now gst.
His own practice for about 10 years TLC+his own – member of various industry organisations to give briefing of the budget and gst – Bombay entrepreneurs association, bhandup, rotary clubs, Bombay bunts associations, bunts chamber of commerce and industries.
Hobbies- rotarty club activities.
New comers in the prof – preparation for a case – put it down in a coloured sheet, the main pointers, then when some one new takes over, they have all key facts easily accessible. Current youngsters don’t do this so then there is duplication of work and waste of time.

Sushil

Sushil Solanki

M. Sc. (Fiscal Studies – UK), F.C.A., I.R.S. (Retd.)

Core Practice Areas: Goods and Service Taxes – advisory and litigation

Years of Experience: 30+

   Mumbai

   sushil@tlclegal.in

Sushil Solanki has more than thirty years of experience of working  in various capacities in the Government of India, including as Commissioner of Service Tax, Mumbai, Commissioner of Customs, Nhava Sheva Port and Additional Director General, DGCEI, Ahmedabad.
He was actively involved in the conceptualization and formulation of basic and legislative framework of GST during the period 2006 to 2015. He was also involved in the drafting of Service Tax law introduced in 1994.
He was conferred with the prestigious Presidential Award in the year 2001 for meritorious services.
He is a regular faculty  at the National Academy of Customs, Indirect Taxes and Narcotics for training of Departmental Officers.
He also presents papers on various indirect tax issues at seminars organized by ICAI, BCAS, IMC, etc.
In TLC, he leads the GST advisory and advocacy teams and is  actively involved in resolving ongoing issues in GST compliance, besides handling  other Indirect Tax litigation work.
In his spare time, he continues a lifelong quest into spirituality and wisdom of the ages.

Ashutosh

Aqueel Sheerazi

Bachelors’ of Commerce, L.L.B

Core Practice Areas: Litigation

Years of Experience: 29

   Mumbai

   aqeel@tlclegal.in

Aqueel began his career at a well-known law firm, Crawford Bayley & Co. moving to counsel practice with the Chambers of Senior Advocate Mr. Arshad Hidayatullah for over a decade. He understood the finer nuances of the law, arguments, court practice and developed a detail oriented approach to research. He then made Partner, at Economic Laws Practice, where he spent a decade being a key member of the tax team.
Currently at TLC Legal, he does a mixed bag of advisory and litigation matters for indirect taxes. He has various cases accredited to his name, which are reported judgements. He regularly appears before the CESTAT and various High Courts.
Mr. Sheerzi believes that his generation was fortunate to have great mentors who invested their time in training juniors. He too, would like to take the same legacy forward. He encourages his team members to read the law and look at books versus relying purely on the internet and research from there. He also believes that it is crucial to have an open-door policy with his team members, thereby always maintaining an approachable and warm persona and disposition.
In his free time, he enjoys reading fiction and playing a sport, to keep himself fit and agile.

Krishan Kumar

Krishan Kumar

M. Sc., M. Phil., L.L.B., I.R.S. (Retd.)

Core Practice Areas: Customs – Litigation & Advisory, Excise and Service tax laws

Years of Experience: 50

   Mumbai

   krishan@tlclegal.in

Mr. Krishan Kumar served in the Central Excise & Customs Departments, with the Government, for more than 20 years in various capacities holding crucial posts such as Departmental Representative in CESTAT, DRI, Customs, Central Excise, Preventive and Anti-smuggling, among others. He is an accomplished professional, well acclaimed, as an expert on Customs laws and practices and was awarded with the “President’s Certificate for distinguished record of service in 1994”. He has served in the private sector, as a legal advisor for a decade. His experience is a healthy mix of understanding perspectives, from the government and private practice. He is able to lend a balanced view to his clients, as a result of the vast prior experience he has built.
Mr. Kumar, makes the time to practice heartfulness meditation and believes that having a spiritual bend of mind, enables him to do better both in his personal and professional spheres. He is a facilitator and enabler for this school of meditation, often leading sessions for various age groups and helping them reap the benefits of this age-old form of ___.
As a veteran in the profession, he believes that the reward of work is work.

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Ashutosh Mishra

M. Sc., L.L. B., M.P.P. (Tokyo), I.T.S. (Retd.)

Core Practice Areas: Advisory and advocacy of Foreign Trade Policy, Safeguard and Anti-dumping Duty Measures, Indirect Tax Litigation

Years of Experience: 33

   Mumbai

   ashutosh@tlclegal.in

Mr. Mishra is an expert of Foreign Trade Policy, Trade Remedial Measures. He focuses on imposition of safe guard and anti-dumping litigation for FTP, EOU and SEZ.
He is a Joint Director for Foreign Trade and member of the ITS.
Ashutosh Mishra has more than 20 years of experience of working in the Government of India in various capacities, including as Jt. Director-General of Foreign Trade (DGFT).
He was involved in the formulation and implementation of the Foreign Trade Policy, particularly in relation to the EPCG Scheme, Advance Authorization Scheme, Deemed Exports, Drawback, SFIS, FMS, FPS, VKGUY, etc. along with fixation of Input-Output Norms/SIONs. He has vast experience in the formulation of policies relating to Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), SCOMET items, dual-purpose chemicals, Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS), etc.
In his free time, Mr Mishra enjoys reading literature around the freedom struggle and poems by well-known Hindi and Maithali authors. He also believes, music is a balm for the soul and feels rejuvenated with devotional and old melodious songs.
As a mentor to his juniors, he believes his role is that of a Captain of a ship. He has no work and yet shoulders a lot of responsibility. He believes that he is as much a learner, as any of his juniors, because they learn the legal interpretation from me, while I learn new concepts around technology and work culture from them!

Ashutosh

Vipin Jain

B. Com., L.L.B., F.C.A.

Years of Experience: 30+

   Mumbai

   vipin@tlclegal.in

Vipin Jain is a leading consultant and lawyer, with over three decades of experience in the area of Indirect Taxes, including Customs,  GST , Central Excise and Service Tax. His in-depth and comprehensive pleadings before the CESTAT, High Courts and the Supreme Court have resulted in several path breaking and landmark decisions, which are often cited as precedents.
Leading corporate houses  repose their trust in him not only for litigation issues, but to also advise them on tax planning  , including re-structuring of pan-Indian and cross border businesses or transactions.
He is widely respected for his comprehensive and thorough knowledge of indirect tax laws.
He frequently presents papers on important indirect tax issues in seminars and workshops organized by reputed professional and trade bodies.
He has been the Joint  Secretary of the CESTAT Bar Association, Mumbai, for more than fifteen  years.His typical working day is unpredictable and long. But his  destress mechanism is an intense game of Badminton, or, a dose of his favourite authors  like A.P Herbert and P.G. Wodehouse.

R.K.Singh

R.K. Singh spent more than 30 years in the Government in various capacities including as Member, CESTAT, ADG, DRI, Delhi and Ahmedabad, Commissioner, Delhi and Chief Commissioner, Ahmedabad. 

As a diplomat based in New York, he closely interacted with law enforcement agencies and trade bodies in USA, Canada and other North and South American countries on anti- smuggling, anti-money laundering and drug interdiction issues. 

As Member, CESTAT, he authored several path breaking judgements including in Anti-dumping matters. 

He is a recipient of the Presidential Award and Finance Minister’s Gold Medal as also international commendations from WCO, FBI and Customs administrations of USA, U.K. and Canada.

He is  well known for his erudite articles on indirect taxation issues and is a sought-after panelist in seminars; he is also a regular faculty at the Training Academy.

He heads the Delhi office of TLC and is actively associated with advisory and litigation work relating to GST, Customs, Excise, Service Tax, Anti-dumping, Safeguard duties etc.

He loves yoga, swimming, reading and Urdu poetry.

S.K.Bharadwaj

S.K.Bhardwaj has more than thirty five  years of experience of working in various Ministries of the Government of India, including Finance and Defence. He has held important posts like  Chief Commissioner of Customs, Central Excise and Service Tax, Mumbai and Joint Secretary Ministry of Defence. 

He  retired as the Member – Central Board of Indirect Taxes, the apex body administering GST, Central Excise, Customs and Service Tax laws. 

He underwent training at the Harvard University, USA, on Fiscal Policy and Value Added Taxes.

He has vast experience of tax policy planning, budget making and administration in the Revenue Department. 

He has keen interest in matters related to tax reforms, ease of doing business and conflict avoidance.

In TLC, he handles advisory and advocacy work relating to Indirect Taxes.

He experience and  expertise in good governance and compliance management  are sought by leading corporate houses of the country.

His is proficient on the golf course too, having raked up a couple of holes-in-one. He is equally passionate about  physical fitness.

Vishal Agarwal

Vishal Agrawal has more than twenty years of professional experience and specializes in handling complex litigations in Indirect Taxation viz. GST, Central Excise, Customs, Service Tax and Foreign Trade Policy. 

He regularly  appears before the CESTAT, High Courts and the Supreme Court. More than two hundred  cases argued by him are reported.

He has the knack of structuring transactions to achieve tax efficiency and reduce compliance costs. 

He has immense experience of advising clients on search and investigation proceedings by agencies such as DRI and DGGI. 

He has been handholding a large number of companies on smooth implementation of GST, besides  regularly advising them on other indirect tax matters.

He regularly presents papers in seminars and workshops organized by leading professional and trade bodies like ICAI, BCAS, IMC, etc.

He is revered and  respected at TLC for his in-depth knowledge and astute mentorship.

His  rigorous  work schedule sometimes extends up to fourteen hours in a day. Any spare time is dedicated for the family, and, his favourite activity of trekking

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